Gov’t. Code § 7286.5 (AB 490) and Unlawful Restraint

On January 1, 2021, Calif. Gov’t. Code § 7286.5 became effective via AB 1196, prohibiting a law enforcement agency from authoring the use by its officers of either the “carotid restraint” (defined as “a vascular neck restraint or any similar restraint, hold, or other defensive tactic in which pressure is applied to the sides of a person’s neck that involves a substantial risk of restricting blood flow and may render the person unconscious in order to subdue or control the person) or the “choke hold” (defined as “any defensive tactic or force option in which direct pressure is applied to a person’s trachea or windpipe”).  This year (via AB 490, effective Jan. 1, 2022), the section is being expanded with the addition of a new subd. (a)(2), adding a prohibition on “techniques or transport methods that involve a substantial risk of positional asphyxia.”  If “positional asphyxia” is a new term to you (as it was for me), never fear; the Legislature defines it for us.  Per new subd. (b)(4):  “‘Positional asphyxia’ means situating a person in a manner that compresses their airway and reduces the ability to ....